The parasite as a form of existence arises on Earth for a very long time, starting from ancient primeval animals and monandous microorganisms.Humanity faces many different types of parasites right from the beginning of its existence, but through the hemical millennium, parasites have not become smarter and more perfect for their ancestors.Parasites can cause non -remedial harm to health, until the development of defects or serious death.But when it comes to parasite words, everyone basically thinks about worms, although this term is much wider.We will discuss more detailed parasites.
Parasites: Who are they?
The parasite is the unicellular or multicellular organism that lives on the body of their owners or inside it (in the cavities of the body or cells).They are usually much smaller than the animal hunting representatives, capable of multiplying quickly and exists in serious conditions.They eat at the cost of their owners, while causing damage to him.In this way, they are different from the symbions - the creatures living within their owners and are beneficial to him.
Many parasites, in addition to the harm, can also transmit dangerous diseases.For example, mosquitoes carry malaria and ticks carrying encephalitis and encephalitis.
The size of the parasite is significantly different - from microscopes, can only be seen in microscopes, to worms, reaching a length of up to 10 m or more.The parasite uses different resources of the owner - this is carbohydrate or protein, fat, as well as minerals or vitamins for development and development.In the human body, parasites can surpass one or all stages of the life cycle - intermediate or final.The manifestations of infection will depend on this.
Most parasites with microscopy size, they are difficult to detect.But some parasitic worms can form cysts with size for children or a few meters long.
Parasitic
Some parasites are distinguished.They depend on the habitat of the parasite in the human body:
Endoparaites.They live inside the body of the owners, typical representatives are helminths (or worms).They can live in the intestines, body cavity.The intracellular or intercontinental parasites affect some body tissue.They include bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa.
To spread Endoparaites, it is necessary to have special conditions and sometimes the carrier.The organisms bring them to their continuous habitat.For example, for malaria, a carrier will be mosquitoes.
Exoparaites.These organisms live on the body's body surface, eat his biological means to bite.The typical representative is lice, fleas, mosquitoes, ticks.
Epiparaites.They parasitize other parasites by forming super parasites.Therefore, fleas eat blood of animals or humans with primeval animals in the intestine - the parasite has lived in the body of the insect themselves.
Types of human parasites
Although viruses, fungi and bacteria are also harmful to a person in the body, they are considered to be pathogens of infectious diseases.Everyone's true parasites include:
Primitive animals.These are unicellular organisms that can only share the owners of the body.For example, a dysentery amoeba, malaria plasmodium or chlamydia.
Helminths.These are parasites of different types - flat, tape, round and others.
Parasitic insects.This group includes lice, fleas, ticks, mosquitoes.
How does an parasitic infection?
One of the uncomfortable facts is that not all parasitic infections have typical symptoms.Therefore, if insect bites and lice are relatively simple, it is not always possible to determine the presence of worms or protozoa without special analysis.Sometimes manifestations like bronchitis or pneumonia, hormonal imbalance, allergies or food poisoning.Some parasites, wrapped in the intestine or abdominal cavity, causing abdominal pain, hypovitaminosis or cholecystitis.Among the most typical symptoms, experts distinguish:
- The rash on the skin, spots, bubbles, itching or bruises.
- Increasing appetite or inhibition, weight loss.
- Diarrhea and vomiting, many types of abdominal pain.
- Anemia (reducing hemoglobin or red blood cells).
- Sleeping disorders - insomnia or serious drowsiness.
- Pain of joints, muscles, skin.
- Allergic reactions that do not exist before.
- General instability, weakness, discomfort.
- Periodic temperatures up to high gear or unchanged skin fever.
However, these similar manifestations are typical for many other diseases, not the disease, so the diagnosis can confirm the detection of its main parasites, eggs or antibodies in the blood.
Important!Often there are no symptoms for a long time, they can occur after stress or infection, with the spread of parasites to the important mass of Islam.Meanwhile, many parasitic diseases are infected, and one person, without doubt it, infected with others.This is especially likely if you ignore basic hygiene rules.
How to make parasites?
Depending on the type of parasite, its transmission lines may vary.The simplest transmission, living in a person's intestines, to another person, as a rule, occurs in the path of manual and mouth (for example, through food or water infected), with close relationships from humans to one person.The simplest, living in the blood or human tissue, is transmitted to others through insects (for example, through a mosquito bites or sand flies).
Many helminths in adulthood cannot multiply in humans.People may be the last master - adults living in it, or intermediaries - larvae living in it.Eggs or larvae are transmitted from dirty hands, food or infected water, dust particles are lifted to the air.In addition, parasites can fall with infected fish, meat and a bird where the larvae spread.
Ectoparaites - lice and scabies, are transmitted through contact with contact and close contact with children or adults infected.Burning animals are very important not only those who provoke illnesses, but also more important than people who carry serious illnesses - malaria, typhoid, frequency encephalitis, etc.
The parasitic infection causes a large number of diseases in both tropical and subtropical areas, as well as in a more mild climate.In all parasitic diseases, malaria is the cause of most deaths in the world.About 660,000 people die every year because of malaria, most children are young.
How to identify parasites?
Of course, if these are mu or head lice, scabies or worms that parents find in the pot - the diagnosis is clear, you just need to be treated.But most of the first parasites need to be determined, determining exactly who it is and only then choosing a treatment will be effective and safe.
Many types of laboratory tests are available today to diagnose parasitic diseases.The type of research will be prescribed by a doctor depending on your symptoms and complaints, any other disease you may have and the history of trips abroad or nationwide.The diagnosis may be complicated, so the doctor may prescribe not only tests, but also additional procedures.List of some regular tests used by the doctor may be prescribed when diagnosing parasites:
Fertilizer research to detect parasites or their eggs.Analysis is used to determine the parasite that causes diarrhea, loose or water, stomach cramps, flatulence and other diseases of the abdominal cavity.Should discover three stool samples collected in a number of days.
Blood test for antibodies for parasites, urine tests, blood plants and some other tests depending on the accused diagnosis.Some, but not all, parasitic infections can be found when analyzing your blood.However, in this case, blood will be tested for a specific parasitic infection;No blood tests will identify all parasitic infections.The doctor may prescribe two main blood tests:
Serum.This test is used to search for antibodies or antigens of parasites produced when the body is infected with parasites and the immune system tries to fight invaders.
Blood.This test is used to determine the parasite found in the blood.Looking at a microscopic bloodstain, diagnosing parasitic diseases, such as Friliatosis, malaria or babusiosis.This test is done by placing blood drops on the microscope of the object.After that, the object glass was painted and checked under a microscope.
In addition to tests, the doctor may prescribe other studies.Endoscopy is used to detect parasites causing diarrhea, loose or water, abdominal cramps, flatulence and other symptoms from the abdominal cavity.It is used when studying stool does not disclose the cause of your diarrhea.In the process of oral (endoscopy) or rectal (endoscopy), a tube with a camera and a backlight introduced so that the doctor can check the intestine.This test is looking for parasites or other anomalies that can cause unpleasant symptoms.
Images of X -rays, magnetic resonance images (MRI), shaft cutting taken (KAT).These tests are used to search for a number of parasitic diseases that can cause organs.
How to be treated?
When the diagnosis is accurate, the choice of treatment is easier.Almost all parasites are cured today.However, the treatment of helminths is many times and will take time from the patient.
In the first stage, the body should be prepared and cleansed accumulated toxins.The patient is absorbed.Clean the body of toxins that lasts at least five days.
In the second phase, the agents of Anthelmintic are prescribed for the patient.It is better if the drug is selected for a certain type of parasite.Treatment is performed in two courses.The first course will kill the adults of helminths in the human body.After 10-14 days, adult worms will be replaced with new ones will hatch from multi-layer eggs.The second course will kill new individuals.
In the third stage, the digestive system, liver and immune system are restored.The patient is prescribed a process of absorption, and after taking the medication in the gastrointestinal tract.Polyvitamine is added at the same time.
Sometimes the disease may be given or have a special form, requiring surgical intervention.Therefore, for example, with the presence of ecinococcal follicles in the liver, kidney or lung, only their removal will help.
The whole process of treatment, drugs and other procedures is selected by the doctor, based on the diagnosis, age and weight of the patient.